Nitazoxanide and COVID-19: A review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is really a current global illness triggered by severe acute respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in acute viral pneumonia, acute lung injuries (ALI), acute respiratory system distress syndrome (ARDS), and cytokine storm in severe cases. Within the COVID-19 era, different unpredicted old medicine is repurposed to discover effective and economical therapies against SARS-CoV-2. One of these simple elected drugs is nitazoxanide (NTZ) that is an anti-parasitic drug with potent antiviral activity. It’s effectively utilized in treating protozoa and various helminths additionally to numerous infections. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the probable aftereffect of NTZ on SARS-CoV-2 infections. Findings from the present study highlighted that NTZ can help to eliminate SARS-CoV-2-caused inflammatory reactions through activation of interferon (IFN), restoration of innate immunity, inhibition from the discharge of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppression from the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and induction of autophagic cell dying. Furthermore, it may hinder the induction of oxidative stress which in turn causes cytokine storm and it is connected with ALI, ARDS, and multi-organ damage (MOD). This research figured that NTZ has important anti-inflammatory and immunological qualities that could mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection-caused inflammatory disorders. Despite broad-spectrum antiviral qualities of NTZ, the direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect wasn’t apparent and documented in recent reports. Then, in silico as well as in Nitazoxanide vitro studies additionally to numerous studies and prospective studies are necessary to read the advantageous impact of NTZ around the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.